Many know the East African country of Tanzania for the Great Migration at Serengeti National Park, but there's so much history and wilderness within this diverse region it has plenty more to offer.

Around the country, there are several national parks, home to the largest concentration of wildlife in Africa. On the coast are some of the world’s most riveting islands and warm waters, and under those waters is a world of oceanic wonder, filled with colors and depth.

In the cities, the buildings tell stories of battles and conquest, depression and victory. You’ll need a lifetime to explore it all, but as you start your journey, here is our list of top things to do in Tanzania.

Go hot-air ballooning in Serengeti National Park

Very little on earth speaks magic like surveying the endless plains of the Serengeti. The Maasai people have called this region home for centuries, and they have lived side by side with an extraordinary array of fauna and flora unlike anything else in the world.

At dawn, when the hot-air balloon is fired up, the sun surfaces slowly into view and the balloon rises to greet the color-streaked clouds. Below, thousands of antelope, warthogs, zebras, lions, rhinos and elephants wander about to start their day. It’s perhaps the perfect place to watch the Great Migration from May to September. 

Summit Mt Kilimanjaro

Mt Kilimanjaro is Africa’s tallest mountain and a thirst trap for adventure junkies. There’s truly nothing more exciting than making your summit at Uhuru ("freedom" in KiSwahili) Peak, which stands at 5895m (19341ft) on Kibo’s crater rim. 

The average summit duration is five days, although some routes may take a few days longer depending on terrain, foot traffic and stops to take in the scenery. There are approximately eight possible routes to Uhuru Peak, Marangu and Rongai being the easier ones. Machame, Shira and Lemosho have proved to be more difficult, but there’s very little else that shouts victory quite like planting your feet on Africa’s highest point. 

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Spend the night in an underwater room off the coast of Pemba

The Manta Resort's Underwater Room is a wooden structure anchored on the Indian Ocean floor, just off the coast of Pemba island. In the midst of calm cerulean waters, this edifice almost appears lonely as it seems to float at its own whim. But rest assured all is secure.

On the deck, you can catch the kisses of the sun by day and at night gaze into the eyes of a million stars.  When you’re up to it, take the stairs down to a small modern bedroom surrounded by four glass walls, in which you'll meet the majesty of the ocean. You'll pay for the privilege, but it's thrilling just thinking about what awaits as you sleep each night.

Go diving and snorkeling in Zanzibar

Zanzibar is Africa’s paradise, with warm sky-blue waters gently lapping shores of fine white sand that stretch for miles – the stuff dreams are made of. But wait until you explore what lies beneath.

Schools of colorful fish, frolicking bottlenose and spinner dolphins, and majestic whale sharks deftly wander in and around the captivating, kaleidoscopic coral reef. The waters around Mnemba Island and Kizimkazi Beach are the best places on the archipelago for aquatic adventures, although any of the numerous beaches offer wonderful opportunities.

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People gathered in front of the Rock, a restaurant built on the cliff in the sea by Pingwe beach in Zanzibar

During low tide, you can walk to the Rock, but during high tide, it becomes its own island, and a boat must bring you to its doors 

Enjoy a meal at the Rock in Zanzibar

The Rock is a quaint restaurant built upon a bed of stone on the ocean floor on Michamvi's Pingwe Beach. In low tide, you can walk up the stairs and into this small boutique of incredible flavors and aromas, but during high tide, it becomes its own island, and a boat must bring you to its doors – hence its nickname, Tidal Island. 

The Rock experience more than satiates your physical appetite, it elevates it. While European-inspired, everything on the menu is a fusion of local ingredients (seafood, fruit, and vegetables) and sultry spices – the perfect mixture of Asian and African influences. The grilled lobster served with scarab potatoes and salad is heaven’s gift to mere mortals. 

Swim with whale sharks on Mafia Island

Mafia Island is Tanzania’s best-kept secret. Like Zanzibar, it's an archipelago, but it has little of the traffic that flows to Zanzibar’s Unguja Island.

Known as Whale Shark Island, it welcomes these gentle giants from October to March, offering exciting opportunities to grab your gear and hang out with them. The experience of swimming through the coral amidst smaller fish while sidling up to the world’s biggest fish is one you’ll cherish – although enormous, they’re faster than you think.

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• Eat your heart out at Forodhani Night Market in Zanzibar

Each day as the sun sets over the Forodhani Gardens, the frenetic pace of everyday life in Zanzibar decelerates. In its place, chefs in white jackets and top hats set up stalls to create a medley of Tanzania’s finest street food.

The tables are laden with falafel, cutlets of tandoori chicken, nyama choma (roasted meat), sizzling skewers of octopus, fish, and other seafood, spicy samosas, and coconut bread. Try the Zanzibar pizza, which is really an omelet of fried eggs, dough, and diced veggies. Wash it down with cool sugarcane juice.

A group hiking down from the top of Ol Doinyo Lengai into the green Rift Valley. In the background the Escarpment of the Rift Valley is visible. In the foreground, there is some volcanic smoke coming out of a crack. 

There are breathtaking views from the crater rim of Ol Doinyo Lengai 

Climb Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano

Ol Doinyo Lengai is an active volcano located in a continental rift zone in the Arusha region of Tanzania. Over the last century, there have been 16 eruptions with the last one recorded in 2021. Geologists stay fascinated with this volcano because it emits the coldest black lava on the planet (510°C/950°F), which forms a white rock when cooled.

Several avid mountaineers have climbed this mountain, and a few didn't finish it because of the incredibly steep ascent, which takes about six hours. The views from the crater rim are breathtaking, however: on clear days, you can see Mt Kilimanjaro, Mt Meru, and the Serengeti. 

Explore the history of slavery at the Slave Market exhibit in Zanzibar

From 1698 until 1897, Zanzibar was home to one of the world’s most notorious slave markets. Tippu Tip was this region’s most scandalous and wealthiest trader of enslaved people, and his house is now a museum open to the public.

The Slave Market exhibit begins with a journey to a sculpture of chained slaves – using the original chains – created by Clara Sörnäs, with help from students at Bagamoyo College. In 1873, after the abolition of the slave trade, missionaries built the Anglican Cathedral over the original slave market. Today you can explore two of the 15 dark, dank, cramped chambers that housed slaves underground. 

Indulge in a luxe stay on Thanda Island

If you have money to burn, then make your stay off the Indian Ocean coast a luxurious one. Thanda is a private island dedicated to the conservation of marine life, where you can swim with whale sharks, go deep-sea fishing or dive in the largest protected marine reserve on the Indian Ocean. Going all out? For several thousand dollars more, there's a private helicopter to take you to the reserve, as well as a luxurious yacht for idyllic ocean delights. 

Go back in time to the Oldupai Museum

Two million years ago in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, some of the first human ancestors called this region home – and after Mary Leakey’s 1959 discovery of hominid fossils captured international news, it became known to the wider world as well.

On the fringe of Oldupai Gorge (pronounced oooh-duPie), Oldupai Museum holds telltale remains of early life in East Africa, as well as outlining the area's history. Godfrey Moita, the museum's cultural heritage officer, will lead you on a journey filled with awe and wonder. You’ll also have a chance to see hominid footprints at least 1.6 million years old.

A group of Hadzabe men sitting around the fire with bows and arrows

Spending a day with the Hadzabe people offers nonvoyeuristic insight into daily life, rituals and beliefs 

Spend a day with the Hadzabe people

Tanzania is home to more than 100 ethnic groups who offer cultural tours, including the widely known Maasai in the northern highlands, the Chagga in the Mt Kilimanjaro and Mt Meru regions and the Hehe people of Iringa, in southern Tanzania. The Hadzabe people live on the coast of Lake Eyasi, and are one of the last hunter-gatherer people of Africa, not unlike the San of Southern Africa (although no known connection exists).

A cultural tour with the Hadzabe people includes joining them on a game hunt, a frenzied yet rewarding activity in which the men go in search of bushmeat and the women gather roots and berries. A day offers non-voyeuristic insight into daily life, rituals, beliefs, and ceremonies.